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	<title>Comments on: Williamson &#8211; Philosophy of Philosophy &#8211; 7.4</title>
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		<title>By: Christopher Cloos</title>
		<link>http://christophercloos.com/2009/09/10/williamson-philosophy-of-philosophy-7-4/#comment-78</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Christopher Cloos]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 13 Sep 2009 21:44:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://christophercloos.com/?p=328#comment-78</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Hi Scott...Interesting question. There are a couple of issues at play. The first question might be, “Is it possible to generate consensus around what counts as ‘neutral’ evidence?” If, like Williamson, consensus around the truth-value of evidence is required for something to count as neutral evidence, then it will be difficult to persuade a non-theist to endorse the hypothesis “God exists.” In a recent paper (“Williamson on Evidence Neutrality”) I tried to revise what is known as the ‘Evidence Neutrality’ thesis so that it is possible for people in two different camps to agree over what constitutes evidence for the hypothesis. This challenges people to temporarily set aside their beliefs and ask, for instance, “If there is evidence that a miracle occurred (whatever that evidence might look like), then that evidence would support the existence of God to X degree.” This is to engage in counterfactual reasoning about what kind of evidence would count as supporting the hypothesis and to what degree it would support the hypothesis. Without achieving consensus around what counts as ‘relevant’ evidence from the start you will be talking past a non-theist. Using, for example, the Bible as a source of divine authority that proves the existence of God (his character, his power) is futile unless you can agree with the non-theist that proof of the divine inspiration of the Bible would count as evidence confirming the hypothesis that God exists. This pushes the debate back to the evidence for your evidence. Now the debate is focused on the foundations of the evidence (i.e., the historical reliability of the old and new testament). Is the Bible a series of exaggerated stories or is it an accurate reflection of who God is?

On Williamson’s account, a non-theist will say the bible is false and a theist will say it is true, and, as a result, it cannot be admitted as neutral evidence for the hypothesis that God exists...end of story. My methodology opens up greater room for debate and consensus around the evidence admitted for the inquiry. This works to build bridges between the inquirers instead of endlessly using evidence the other party cannot see as relevant. Without going through this process you merely beg the question against the non-theist: using a piece of evidence in dispute to try and prove the thing you are trying to prove; that is, assuming what you are trying to prove by using the Bible (as divinely-inspired authority) as evidence for what you are trying to prove (the existence of God). This is where the second issue comes into play and where your question might take bite.

Using confirmation theory to prove the existence of God or the divine authority of the Bible might be an interesting way of proceeding. Instead of trying to produce logical certainty in an argument for God’s existence, another option is to proceed probabilistically and produce a proof-of-evidence argument supporting the hypothesis. This gets into issues in inductive logic and confirmation theory, but I see no reason why confirmation theory could not inform a probabilistic argument for the existence of God. Developing the argument would prove fruitful. Perhaps I will attempt such an argument in another post.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi Scott&#8230;Interesting question. There are a couple of issues at play. The first question might be, “Is it possible to generate consensus around what counts as ‘neutral’ evidence?” If, like Williamson, consensus around the truth-value of evidence is required for something to count as neutral evidence, then it will be difficult to persuade a non-theist to endorse the hypothesis “God exists.” In a recent paper (“Williamson on Evidence Neutrality”) I tried to revise what is known as the ‘Evidence Neutrality’ thesis so that it is possible for people in two different camps to agree over what constitutes evidence for the hypothesis. This challenges people to temporarily set aside their beliefs and ask, for instance, “If there is evidence that a miracle occurred (whatever that evidence might look like), then that evidence would support the existence of God to X degree.” This is to engage in counterfactual reasoning about what kind of evidence would count as supporting the hypothesis and to what degree it would support the hypothesis. Without achieving consensus around what counts as ‘relevant’ evidence from the start you will be talking past a non-theist. Using, for example, the Bible as a source of divine authority that proves the existence of God (his character, his power) is futile unless you can agree with the non-theist that proof of the divine inspiration of the Bible would count as evidence confirming the hypothesis that God exists. This pushes the debate back to the evidence for your evidence. Now the debate is focused on the foundations of the evidence (i.e., the historical reliability of the old and new testament). Is the Bible a series of exaggerated stories or is it an accurate reflection of who God is?</p>
<p>On Williamson’s account, a non-theist will say the bible is false and a theist will say it is true, and, as a result, it cannot be admitted as neutral evidence for the hypothesis that God exists&#8230;end of story. My methodology opens up greater room for debate and consensus around the evidence admitted for the inquiry. This works to build bridges between the inquirers instead of endlessly using evidence the other party cannot see as relevant. Without going through this process you merely beg the question against the non-theist: using a piece of evidence in dispute to try and prove the thing you are trying to prove; that is, assuming what you are trying to prove by using the Bible (as divinely-inspired authority) as evidence for what you are trying to prove (the existence of God). This is where the second issue comes into play and where your question might take bite.</p>
<p>Using confirmation theory to prove the existence of God or the divine authority of the Bible might be an interesting way of proceeding. Instead of trying to produce logical certainty in an argument for God’s existence, another option is to proceed probabilistically and produce a proof-of-evidence argument supporting the hypothesis. This gets into issues in inductive logic and confirmation theory, but I see no reason why confirmation theory could not inform a probabilistic argument for the existence of God. Developing the argument would prove fruitful. Perhaps I will attempt such an argument in another post.</p>
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		<title>By: Scott Simon</title>
		<link>http://christophercloos.com/2009/09/10/williamson-philosophy-of-philosophy-7-4/#comment-77</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Scott Simon]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 13 Sep 2009 04:16:09 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[Hi Chris. Can a confirmation theory possibly be used to support the Gospel,the existence of God, or the validity-accuracy-and divine accuracy of the Bible to a non-believer?  By &quot;divine accuracy&quot;, I mean that the original writers didn&#039;t exaggerate the stories from the start.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi Chris. Can a confirmation theory possibly be used to support the Gospel,the existence of God, or the validity-accuracy-and divine accuracy of the Bible to a non-believer?  By &#8220;divine accuracy&#8221;, I mean that the original writers didn&#8217;t exaggerate the stories from the start.</p>
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